{"id":5346,"date":"2026-02-10T19:52:55","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T19:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/?page_id=5346"},"modified":"2026-04-10T21:57:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T21:57:17","slug":"direito-civil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/direito-civil\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5346\" class=\"elementor elementor-5346\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37d732b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"37d732b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbfc89a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cbfc89a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28ecc8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28ecc8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/assessoria-juridica-empresa-alemanha-rlsxvxobisxciu9hwnd5m2h03t9ekd4swk32omd1ho.png\" title=\"Business consulting Germany\" alt=\"Assessoria jur\u00eddica empresarial abertura de empresa na Alemanha\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4ad586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b4ad586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Civil Law<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b59c39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b59c39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Strategic legal consulting for companies on civil law matters, focused on the secure structuring of commercial relationships and mitigation of legal risks. Drafting, review, and analysis of business contracts, ensuring clarity, balance, and protection of the interests involved in each transaction.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Acting in matters related to civil liability, contractual compliance, commercial negotiations, and preventive conflict management, always with a focus on preserving business activity and the legal certainty of decisions. Technical support in conducting disputes, seeking efficient solutions, whether through negotiation or judicial means.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Special attention to operations with international elements, considering transnational impacts, legislative differences, and regulatory particularities. Continuous advisory for companies operating or maintaining commercial relationships between different jurisdictions, with an integrated approach aligned with the demands of the global legal environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe54c2a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe54c2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e93c8ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-ensafcontactinfo\" data-id=\"e93c8ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ensafcontactinfo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"widget widget_call\"><div class=\"widget-call\"><h4 class=\"box-title\">Need help?<\/h4><p class=\"box_text\">Specialized legal support to guide you with confidence.<\/p><div class=\"widget_call\"><div class=\"info-box\"><div class=\"info-box_icon\"><i class=\"fa-brands fa-whatsapp\"><\/i><\/div><div><span class=\"info-box_subtitle\">Contact us:<\/span><p class=\"info-box_text\"><!-- WhatsApp -->\n<a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/4915566359635?text=Ol\u00e1,%20preciso%20de%20assessoria%20jur\u00eddica...\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  WhatsApp \n<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"info-box\"><div class=\"info-box_icon\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/div><div><span class=\"info-box_subtitle\">E-mail<\/span><p class=\"info-box_text\"><a href=\"mailto:info@koellnadvogada.com\" class=\"info-box_link\">info@koellnadvogada.com<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206f229 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-ensafservicelist\" data-id=\"206f229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ensafservicelist.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"widget widget_categories\"><h3 class=\"widget_title\">Areas of Practice<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/cidadania\/\">Citizenship<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/direito-de-familia-internacional\/\">International Family Law<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/direito-migratorio-e-imigracao\/\">Immigration Law<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/direito-sucessorio-e-herancas\/\">Succession Law and Inheritance<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/reconhecimento-de-decisoes-estrangeiras\/\">Recognition of Foreign Judgments<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/direito-penal\/\">Criminal Law<\/a><span><i class=\"fa-sharp fa-light fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0cd045 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a0cd045\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92779d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92779d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f47cf40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"f47cf40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How to open a company in Germany as a foreigner. <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03b32b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03b32b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1dcc66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1dcc66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Foreigners can open companies in Germany, even without residing in the country (depending on the legal form). The most common forms are the GmbH (limited liability company, minimum capital of \u20ac25,000) and the UG (mini-GmbH, starting from \u20ac1). The process involves registration with the commercial register (Handelsregister), opening a business bank account, tax registration (Finanzamt), and for those not residing in Germany, a possible need for a self-employment visa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2561\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2561\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the difference between a GmbH and an UG in Germany? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2561\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffdfa04 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ffdfa04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dab117 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dab117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschr\u00e4nkter Haftung) is the traditional German limited liability company, with a minimum share capital of \u20ac25,000. The UG (Unternehmergesellschaft) is a variant of the GmbH with a minimum capital of just \u20ac1, but with the requirement to set aside 25% of annual profits until the total reaches \u20ac25,000, at which point it can be converted into a GmbH. The UG is ideal for those who want to start with less capital, while the GmbH conveys greater credibility in the market.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2562\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2562\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can a Brazilian be a partner in a German company without living in Germany? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2562\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19567b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19567b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d42607b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d42607b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes. A Brazilian national can be a shareholder (Gesellschafter) of a GmbH or UG without residing in Germany. However, every GmbH needs a managing director (Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer) with an accessible address in Germany. If the Brazilian shareholder also wants to act as managing director and reside in Germany, they will need a self-employment visa (\u00a721 AufenthG). There are legal structures that allow for remote management with a resident managing director.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2563\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2563\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> A company in Germany pays the following taxes:\n\n*   **Corporate Income Tax (K\u00f6rperschaftsteuer):** This is a federal tax on a company's profits. The current rate is 15%.\n*   **Trade Tax (Gewerbesteuer):** This is a municipal tax levied on business profits. The rate varies depending on the municipality.\n*   **Solidarity Surcharge (Solidarit\u00e4tszuschlag):** A surcharge of 5.5% on the corporate income tax.\n*   **Value Added Tax (VAT - Umsatzsteuer):** Companies generally charge VAT on their goods and services and then remit it to the tax authorities. The standard rate is 19%, with a reduced rate of 7% for certain goods and services.\n*   **Wage Tax (Lohnsteuer):** If the company has employees, it is responsible for withholding wage tax from their salaries and paying it to the tax authorities.\n*   **Solidarity Surcharge (Solidarit\u00e4tszuschlag):** A surcharge of 5.5% on the wage tax.\n*   **Church Tax (Kirchensteuer):** In some German states, employers are required to withhold church tax from the wages of employees who are registered members of a church.\n\n**Note:** The specific tax obligations can vary depending on the legal form of the company (e.g., GmbH, AG, sole proprietorship) and its specific business activities. It is always advisable to consult with a tax advisor for precise information. <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2563\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0a3cc0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0a3cc0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-669b0d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"669b0d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main tax obligations of a GmbH\/UG in Germany include: corporate income tax (K\u00f6rperschaftsteuer) at 15%, a solidarity surcharge of 5.5% on corporate income tax, trade tax (Gewerbesteuer) which varies by municipality (in Munich, approximately 17%), and VAT (Umsatzsteuer) at a standard rate of 19%. The total effective tax burden on profits is generally between 30% and 33%.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2564\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2564\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I need a lawyer to open a company in Germany? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2564\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be4e8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7be4e8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90816cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90816cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The formation of a GmbH requires the mandatory involvement of a German notary (Notar) to authenticate the articles of association. A lawyer is not legally mandatory, but is highly recommended\u2014especially for foreigners who are not proficient in the German legal system. Legal advice ensures that the articles of association protect the partner's interests, that migratory aspects are covered, and that tax registration is performed correctly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Direito Civil Assessoria jur\u00eddica estrat\u00e9gica a empresas em mat\u00e9rias de direito civil, com atua\u00e7\u00e3o voltada \u00e0 estrutura\u00e7\u00e3o segura das rela\u00e7\u00f5es comerciais e \u00e0 mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o de riscos jur\u00eddicos. Elabora\u00e7\u00e3o, revis\u00e3o e an\u00e1lise de contratos empresariais, garantindo clareza, equil\u00edbrio e prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos interesses envolvidos em cada opera\u00e7\u00e3o. Atua\u00e7\u00e3o em quest\u00f5es relacionadas \u00e0 responsabilidade civil, cumprimento contratual, negocia\u00e7\u00f5es&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5346","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5346"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7445,"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5346\/revisions\/7445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/koellnadvogada.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}